The other eleven manuscripts survive in a Southern group at Madras (now Chennai) and Baroda, and in a Northern group at Jodhpur and Kathmandu. C, the oldest, was preserved until the 1990s but is now inaccessible, and study has proceeded on the basis of a poor photocopy. The manuscripts date from the 11th to around the 17th centuries. A modern critical edition of the Amṛtasiddhi, published in 2021 by the Indologists James Mallinson and Péter-Dániel Szántó, made use of C and eleven other manuscripts, with other evidence. He used a bilingual Sanskrit and Tibetan manuscript known as C, once held in the Library of the Cultural Palace of Nationalities in Beijing. The text came to the attention of modern scholars in 2002, when Kurtis Schaeffer wrote an article about it. The text was used also in Tibet, as the basis of the ’Chi med grub pa, a textual cycle whose name translated back into Sanskrit was Amarasiddhi. Its opening and closing invocations to Siddha Virupa imply that it was written in a Vajrayana tantric Buddhist setting. It was probably composed somewhere in the Deccan region of India by the late 11th century CE. It states that it was written by Madhavacandra. The Amṛtasiddhi is the earliest systematic and well-structured Sanskrit text about what came to be called Hatha yoga. 6.2 Relationship with later Shaivite Hatha yoga.3.2 Core practices: mahāmudra, mahābandha, mahāvedha.A critical edition based on all surviving manuscripts was published in 2021 by the Indologists James Mallinson and Péter-Dániel Szántó. It is written in two languages, Sanskrit and Tibetan. The text has Buddhist features, and makes use of metaphors from alchemy.Ī verse in a paper manuscript of the Amṛtasiddhi, possibly a later copy, asserts its date as 2 March 1160. The implied model is that bindu is constantly lost from its store in the head, leading to death, but that it can be preserved by means of yogic practices. The work describes the role of bindu in the yogic body, and how to control it using the Mahamudra so as to achieve immortality ( Amṛta). The Amṛtasiddhi ( Sanskrit: अमृतसिद्धि, "the attainment of immortality"), written in a Buddhist environment in about the 11th century, is the earliest substantial text on what became haṭha yoga, though it does not mention the term. The text is tripartite, the first line in Sanskrit, the second a transliteration into Tibetan dbu can letters, and the third a translation into Tibetan dbu med letters. A folio, one of 38, from a medieval copy of the Amṛtasiddhi, called C, written bilingually in Sanskrit and Tibetan.
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